[1]本文为笔者接受国家出国留学基金委资助,于2001年在美国哈佛大学做高访时的研究成果之二。在此笔者再次对国家出国留学基金委致以诚挚的谢意。
[2]如Robert T. Holt, Radio Free Europe, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1958; Sanehe de. Gramont, The Secret War ,New York: Dell Book, 1962.等。
[3]详见白建才:《近年来美国的冷战史研究》,《历史研究》2002.1,第178-180页。
[4]如时殷弘先生在一篇论述冷战初期美国政府对苏联东欧内部状况的政策的文章中对其隐蔽行动也进行了有意义的探讨。见时殷弘:《激变战略与解放政策》,《世界历史》1995.3,第8-9页。
[5]CIA, Consumer’s Guide to Intelligence, Washington, DC 1995, P. 38. 转引自David F. Rudgers, The Origins Of Covert Action, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol 35(2), 2000, P. 249
[6] SWNCC304/1, ‘Psychological Warfare’, 转引自David F. Rudgers: The Origins of Covert Action, Journal of Contemporary History, London, Vol 35(2), 2000, P. 251。
[7] http://www. state. gov/www/about-state/history/intel, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, DC1996), Document 245。
[8] http://www. state. gov/www/about-state/history/intel, Foreign Relations of the united states, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, DC1996), Document 249
[9] http://www. state. gov/www/about-state/history/intel, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, DC1996), Document 253。
[10] Documents of the NSC, 1947-1977, Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, Microfilm, A438.3, D:I:0007。这里引用的是1947年12月9日索尔斯提交国家安全委员会第四次会议讨论的文本。无论是在《美国对外关系,1945-1950:情报机构的建立》一书中,还是在美利坚大学出版社制做的缩微胶卷《国家安全委员会文件:1947-1977》中,都没有发现清楚标明经12月17日国家安全委员会第四次会议修改后的NSC4—A文本。
[11] NSC第四次会议记录中未提到NSC4-A。索尔斯给希伦科特这份备忘录所附的《指令》删去了有关“专门小组”的内容。显然这便是该备忘录中所说的NSC对《指令》的修改。见Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Document 257。
[12] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Document 258。
[13] Hillen Koetter to Galloway, 22 March 1948, reproduced in Warner, The CIA Under Harry Truman, P 191-2 转引自David F. Rudgers, The Origins of Covert Action, Journal of Contemporary History, 2000 Vol 35(2), P253。
[14] FRUS, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Document 269。
[15] FRUS, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Document 292。
[16] FRUS, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Document 292。
[17] Gregory F. Treverton, Covert Action —The Limits of Intervention in the Postwar World New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. 1987, P36。
[18] Gregory Mitrovich, Undermiming the Cremlin: America’s Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc, 1947- 1956 ,Cornell University Press, P.182。
[19]同上,第67页。
[20] http://www. ddrs.psmedia.com/, “Covert operation”,1978010100213。
[21] Documents of the NSC, 1947-1977, Microfilm A438,A:IV:0270。
[22] Documents of the NSC, 1947-1977, Microfilm A438,A:IV:0275。
[23] Documents of the NSC, 1947-1977,Microfilm A438,A:IV:0275。
[24] Documents of the NSC, 1947-1977,Microfilm A438,A:IV:0275。
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